Prediction tutorials

CARBON :- Carbon is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth’s crust. Bonding in Carbon:   The Covalent bond, Electron dot structure, Physical properties of organic compounds, Allotropes of Carbon . Covalent Bond:   The atomic number of carbon is 6. Its electronic configuration is 2, 4. It requires, 4 electrons to achieve the inert gas electronic configuration. But carbon cannot form an ionic bond.                                                     It could gain four electrons forming C 4-  cation. But it would be difficult for the nucleus with six protons to hold on to ten electrons. It could lose four electrons forming C 4+  cations. But it requires a large amount of energy to remove four electrons. Thus, carbon overcomes this problem by sharing of its valence electrons with

  SALT :- Salt is one of the most common ingredients used in almost all the food items. You consume salt every day. This is why its called “common salt’. But what is the science behind this ingredient? How is salt formed? What are the different kinds of salts? Let’s find out more about salts. What is Salt ? Salts are ionic compounds that contain two groups of positively charged ions (H+) and negatively charged ions (OH-). In chemistry, salt is produced when acids and bases are combined together in equal proportions. Whereas naturally, salt is found in sea water. The process where acids and bases neutralize each other to form salt and water is known as neutralization. The chemical formula of common salt is NaCl. NaCl stands for Sodium Chloride.  The pH of salt is 7 which means that it is neutral in nature i.e. it is neither acidic nor basic. Properties of Salt Salt is made up of Sodium and Chlorine. Salt has negatively charged ions (OH-) and positively charged ions (H+). Due to their op

  Acids Acids is defined as the one which produces hydrogen ions in water.  For Example , Sulphuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid etc. They give sour taste. Acids turn blue litmus to red. This is used as confirmation test for the presence of acid. When acids react with metals, gases are evolved .                                                                              Reactions with Acids 1. Reaction of Acid with Metal Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas Mg + H 2  SO 4   → H 2   + Mg SO 4.                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. Reaction of Acid with Carbonates Na 2  CO 3  (s) + 2 HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) +H2O(l ) + CO 2 (g)   Classification of Acids Acids are classified as  Organic Acids and Mineral Acids . Acids which are derived from plants and animals, they are known as  Organic Acids .  For Example , Citric Acid from fruit .